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Baldur von Schirach
Baldur Benedikt von Schirach (9 May 1907 – 8 August 1974) was a Nazi youth leader later convicted of crimes against humanity. He was the head of the ''Hitler-Jugend'' (HJ, the "Hitler Youth") and later Gauleiter and Reichsstatthalter ("Reich Governor") of Vienna.
==Early life==
Schirach was born in Berlin, the youngest of four children of theatre director Rittmeister Carl Baily Norris von Schirach (1873–1948) and his American wife Emma Middleton Lynah Tillou (1872–1944). A member of the noble Schirach family, of Wendish West Slavic origins, three of his four grandparents were from the United States, chiefly from Pennsylvania.〔Michael H. Kater, ''Hitler Youth'', Harvard University Press, 2009, p. 17, ISBN 0674039351〕 Through his mother, Schirach was descended from two signatories of the United States Declaration of Independence, Arthur Middleton and Thomas Heyward, Jr.. English was the first language he learned at home and he did not learn to speak German until the age of five. He had two sisters, Viktoria and Rosalind von Schirach, and a brother, Karl Benedict von Schirach. His brother committed suicide in 1919 at the age of 19.
On 31 March 1932 Schirach married the 19-year-old Henriette Hoffmann, the daughter of Heinrich Hoffmann, Adolf Hitler's personal photographer and close friend. Schirach's family was vehemently opposed to this marriage, but Hitler insisted.〔''The Mind of Adolf Hitler'', Walter Charles Langer, New York 1972, pp. 99–100〕 Gregor Strasser dismissively described Schirach as "a young effeminate aristocrat" upon whom Hitler bestowed both Henriette and the Hitler Youth position. Through this relationship, Schirach became part of Hitler's inner circle. The young couple were welcome guests at Hitler's "Berghof". Henriette von Schirach gave birth to four children: Angelika Benedikta von Schirach (born 1933), Klaus von Schirach (born 1935), Robert von Schirach (born 1938) and Richard von Schirach (born 1942). The lawyer and best-selling German crime writer Ferdinand von Schirach is the couple's grandson.
Schirach was a published author, contributing to literature journals, and an influential patron of the arts.
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